Mojgan Karbakhsh; Shokouh- Alsadat Banijamali; Morvarid Ahadi
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: Physicians experience a significant amount of stress. Medical residents and physicians are considered a high-risk group because of long working hours and high levels of stress associated with their training and life.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate hardiness in physicians according ...
Read More
Background: Physicians experience a significant amount of stress. Medical residents and physicians are considered a high-risk group because of long working hours and high levels of stress associated with their training and life.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate hardiness in physicians according to specialty, sex, age, and marital status and investigate the relationship between hardiness and aggression, interpersonal sensitivity, and educational success.Methods: In a cross- sectional study, 194 second-year residents from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, who were studying in 23 different specialties in the year 2017, were enrolled. The data collection tools included a demographic form, hardiness scale, and aggression and interpersonal sensitivity scales of The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL90). Results: Mean scores of commitment, challenge, and control were 71.91 ± 15.57, 48.23 ± 13.30, and 71.66 ± 12.98, respectively. Women had significantly lower challenge scores than men (P = 0.017), and the mean challenge score was significantly higher among married participants (P = 0.008). Commitment and control scores were not influenced by the subject’s characteristics (P > 0.05). Increment of grade point average (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.29 - 0.87) and control score (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 - 0.99) significantly decreased the risk of deterioration of aggressive behaviour. Interpersonal sensitivity level was significantly associated with the challenge (P = 0.001), control, and commitment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, and emergency medicine specialists obtained the highest scores in hardiness, while ra- diotherapists and gynaecologists scored highest in aggression and interpersonal sensitivity. Considering the reverse relationship of hardiness with aggression and interpersonal sensitivity, it is necessary to implement educational programs for boosting hardiness among physicians.
Farideh Sadeghian; Mojgan Karbakhsh; Mahnaz Saremi; Iraj Alimohammadi; Hassan Ashayeri; Mahsa Fayaz; Maryam Rezaei; Soheil Saadat
Volume 20, Issue 1 , 2018, Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Background: Conversation over the cell phone while driving is a known risk factor for road traffic crash. Using hands-free to talk on the cell phone may remove visual and manual distraction yet not the cognitive distraction.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to better understand the ...
Read More
Background: Background: Conversation over the cell phone while driving is a known risk factor for road traffic crash. Using hands-free to talk on the cell phone may remove visual and manual distraction yet not the cognitive distraction.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to better understand the mechanisms of cognitive distraction due to hands-free cellphone conversation (HFPC) while driving.Methods: Twelve male and 12 female University students in Tehran, Iran, were selected via the consecutive convenient samplingmethod, and randomly assigned to one of the following administrations of cross-over quasi-experimental study design, during year2016: Administration 1, participants performed the tests while involved in HFPC, took rest for 60 minute, and then performed thetests another time without HFPC; Administration 2, participants performed the tests without HFPC, took rest, and then performedthe tests another time with HFPC. Each participant moved to the other administration after 7 to 10 days. The Vienna test system (VTS)was used to measure simple and choice reaction time, selective attention, visual orientation, and visual memory. Linear regressionanalysis was used to study the change in test scores due to HFPC.Results: The mean age of participants was 27.1 ± 5.3 years. A history of road traffic crash (regardless of severity) was reported among9 (37.5%) participants in the previous year. Hands-free cell phone conversation while driving was directly associated with mean timecorrect rejection score (P < 0.01) (selective attention), omitted response (P < 0.01) and median reaction time (P < 0.01) (choicereaction time), and mean reaction time (P < 0.01) (Simple reaction time). Moreover, HPFC was inversely associated with sum hits (P= 0.05) (selective attention), incorrect (P < 0.02) and correct response (P < 0.01) (choice reaction time), score based on viewing andworking time (P < 0. 01) (visual orientation), and visual memory performance (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Using hands-free devices to converse during driving, impaired reaction time, selective attention, visual orientationand visual memory, which are essential for safe driving. Thus, the use of these devices does not preclude cognitive distraction andshould be restricted
